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Misra C 2012 Download 155: A Comprehensive Guide to the MISRA C Coding Standard



MISRA, The Motor Industry Software Reliability Association is a set of standards, that provides software development guidelines. Embold detects MISRA rule violations. Embold fully supports 97.90% MISRA C:2012 rules. There is a total of 143 rules out of which Embold supports 140 and 3 rules (i.e. 18.2, 19.1, 22.3) are dynamic which Embold does not support right now. For more information, read here.


Data were extracted from the nationwide procedural databases of EVT and PCI in Japan (J-EVT and J-PCI) between 2012 and 2017. A total of 1,121,359 cases (103,887 EVT cases for critical limb ischemia [CLI] or intermittent claudication and 1,017,472 PCI cases for acute coronary syndrome [ACS] or stable angina) were analyzed. Heterogeneity in clinical profile between CVDs was evaluated using the C statistic of the logistic regression model for which dependent variable was one CVD versus another, and explanatory variables were clinical profile. When two CVDs were completely discriminated from each other by the developed model, the C statistic (discrimination ability) of the model would be equal to 1, indicating that the two CVDs were completely different in clinical profile. On the other hand, when two CVDs were identical in clinical profile, the developed model would not discriminate them at all, with the C statistic equal to 0.5.




Misra C 2012 Download 155



The current study used data obtained from national registry databases in Japan (J-EVT and J-PCI) between January 2012 and December 2017. The J-EVT and J-PCI are the nationwide multicenter registries of EVT and PCI in Japan, respectively, organized by the Japanese Association of Cardiovascular Intervention and Therapeutics. The association obliges interventionalists and their cardiovascular centers to register all EVT and PCI cases in the J-EVT and J-PCI, for application for board certification and renewal. The registered data include clinical diagnosis, treated vessel territories, and baseline patient characteristics (sex, age, smoking, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and end-stage renal disease on dialysis). The data analysis was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the ethics committee of the Clinical Research Promotion Network Japan.


This work was co-funded by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) through the following initiatives, MIT-Portugal Program - Bioengineering Systems Focus Area; NTF, PhD grant (SFRH/BD/33724/2009); MS, PhD grant (SFRH/BD/78420/2011), FCF, "Investigador FCT" Program (IF/00442/2012); Moreover, this work was co-funded by the National Exploratory Project "TAKE-OFF" through FEDER "Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade" - COMPETE (FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-041191) and national (FCT) funding (EXPL/AAG-TEC/0610/2013). The authors acknowledge the Portuguese Yeast Culture Collection (PYCC), CREM-FCT/UNL, for providing the yeast strains and Talita Silva-Fernandes (LNEG) for technical assistance in the production of pretreated wheat straw.


For our analysis, samples from seven GIAB individuals were selected: the NA12878 (HG001), three members of the Ashkenazi trio (HG002, HG003, and HG004), and three representatives of the Chinese trio (HG005, HG006, and HG007). Gold standard data for these samples were downloaded from the GIAB FTP repository (all WGS samples) or the NCBI Sequencing Read Archive SRA (all WES samples, respective SRA IDs: ERR1905890, SRR2962669, SRR2962692, SRR2962694, SRR2962693, SRR14724507, and SRR14724506). All sequencing datasets were generated using the Illumina Hiseq platform (HiSeq 2500 for all WGS datasets and HG002-HG005 WES samples; HiSeq 4000 for HG001 WES). Truth variant sets and high-confidence variant calling regions in BED format (release v. 3.3.2 or v. 4.2.1) were downloaded from the GIAB FTP data repository ( -trace.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/giab/ftp/release/). Importantly, prior to being used in our analysis, the high-confidence regions for individual samples from GIAB were intersected using BEDtools, and only the regions found in all samples were retained. This totalled 30.4 Mbp of CDS sequences for v. 4.2.1 and 28.4 Mbp - for 3.3.2. Reference stratification BED files were retrieved from the GitHub repository provided by GIAB ( -in-a-bottle/genome-stratifications/blob/master/GRCh37/v2.0-GRCh37-stratifications.tsv). Coding region intervals were extracted from the primary GENCODE v19 GTF annotation file. For the analysis of pathogenic variant distribution, pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants with non-conflicting interpretations were selected from ClinVar v.20211130.


All data and code pertinent to the analysis presented here is available through GitHub: _benchmark. GIAB samples were downloaded from the GIAB FTP repository ( -trace.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/giab/ftp/release - all WGS samples) or the NCBI Sequencing Read Archive SRA (all WES samples, respective SRA IDs: ERR1905890, SRR2962669, SRR2962692, SRR2962694, SRR2962693, SRR14724507, and SRR14724506). Genomes of the three individuals of African ancestry (NA18870, NA18871, and NA18874) were also obtained from the SRA (SRA IDs: ERX3266761, ERX3266762, and ERX3270176).


FIGURE 1. PAs metabolism and their conjugating pathways to proteins and to hydroxyl-cinnamic acids (HCA). Free PA biosynthetic and catabolic pathways are highlighted in the yellow rectangle (A). The covalent binding to glutamyl residues of proteins gives rise to mono-γ glutamyl-PAs or to cross-links between proteins (bis-γ glutamyl-PAs) (B). The biosynthetic pathway of hydroxyl-cinnamic acids amides (HCAAs) in Arabidopsis thaliana stamens is reported according to Fellenberg et al. (2012) (C). ADC, arginine decarboxylase; ARG, arginase; AIH, agmatine iminohydrolase; CDC, citrulline decarboxylase; NCPAH, N-carbamoylputrescine amidohydrolase; ODC, ornithine decarboxylase; SAMDC, S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase; SPDS, spermidine synthase; SPMS, spermine synthase; PAO, polyamine oxidase; SSAT, spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase; DAO, diamine oxidase; TGase, transglutaminase; SHT, Spd hydroxycinnamoyl transferase; CYP98A8/CYP98A9, P450 cytochromes; AtTMS1, Arabidopsis thaliana tapetum-specific methyltransferase, SDT, spermidine disinapoyltransferase.


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